Bearing Supply

Getting retainers is often the happiest time for an orthodontic patient. After years of braces, your teeth will soon be “free!” But it isn’t entirely carefree. You need to wear your retainers exactly as your orthodontist tells you or your teeth could shift back to the way they were before braces. And since retainers cost several hundred dollars to replace, you want to keep them clean, odor-free, and safe from breakage!

Why Do I Need to Wear Retainers?

After your braces come off, the periodontal ligaments that hold the teeth in place are still loose from the pressure of your braces. Generally it takes anywhere from 3 to 9 months for the periodontal ligaments to tighten up and “remember” the new positions of your straightened teeth. This is why it’s so important that you wear your retainer exactly the way that your orthodontist recommends. You just spent years in braces — this final step is very important for keeping your smile as beautiful as it was the day your braces came off!

Most orthodontists tell their patients to wear their retainers 24/7 for the first few months. Gradually you can switch to wearing the retainers only at night. And after a year or more, you might be able to “get away with” wearing them several nights per week. But if you want your teeth to stay in their new positions, you can’t totally stop wearing your retainer. You will need to wear it at least several nights per week for the rest of your life to keep your teeth in their proper positions. Teeth are dynamic and respond to the pressures of daily living (the position of your tongue, the way you bite and chew, etc). Over time those pressures will move the teeth. Wearing your retainers helps to ensure that the teeth remain “retained” where they were on the day your braces came off.

How to Clean Retainers

One of the biggest challenges to wearing retainers (and even Invisalign-type aligner trays) is keeping the retainers and aligners clean. Bacteria build up on the retainers and aligners the same way that they build up on teeth. If you don’t keep your aligners clean, very quickly you will notice that they smell bad and have an ugly layer of white gunky film. If you don’t clean your retainers or aligners properly, the film will harden and become almost impossible to remove. This is true for all types of retainers (plastic and wire Hawley retainers, clear Essix retainers, aligner trays, snoring and bruxism devices, etc).

How can you keep your retainers clean and odor free? There are several ways.

Always rinse your retainers in warm water after taking them out of your mouth. Before putting your retainer into a retainer case, give it a quick rinse. This will wash away some of the surface bacteria. Do not use an anti-bacterial hand wipe on your retainer. The chemicals in antibacterial hand wipes may be toxic if they are put into your mouth!
The easiest method for cleaning retainers is the good old-fashioned toothbrush. If you have a plastic and wire Hawley retainer, you can brush it with toothpaste on a soft toothbrush. However, this method is not recommended for Invisalign-type clear aligner trays or clear Essix retainers (which look like aligner trays). The toothpaste can scratch the clear plastic and over time, your retainers will not be “invisible” anymore.
Some people recommend soaking retainers in a weak solution of hydrogen peroxide diluted with water, or even an alcohol-based mouthwash. This helps to kill germs, but doesn’t address the white gunky build-up. In addition, these harsh chemicals can damage the surface of the plastic over time, turning it yellow.
Some people use denture cleaning tablets to clean their retainers or aligners. This will seem to work at first, but over time the harsh chemicals in the denture tablets will turn your retainer yellow. This is because the denture tablets are strongly formulated to clean false teeth, not retainers.

This is the reason why the companies that make retainers have come out with special cleaning products. These products are formulated to kill germs and remove the white buildup without harming the plastic in the retainers. Two products work extremely well for this purpose: SonicBrite and Retainer Brite. Both products can be found on the DentaKit website.

SonicBrite makes a retainer cleaning kit which includes cleaning powder and a portable battery-operated sonic bath. It’s easy to use: just place some warm water in the sonic bath, put in a small spoon of SonicBrite powder, and turn on the unit. The vibrations from the unit help to loosen debris from your retainer or aligner tray, and the powder kills more than 99% of the bacteria. After 15 minutes the unit shuts itself off. Simply remove your retainer, rinse in cool water, and you’re good to go! If your retainer has not been properly cleaned in a long time and contains a lot of white build-up, two cycles in the SonicBrite kit usually remove all of the debris.

Another product that most dentists recommend is Retainer Brite. This product comes in tablets (similar to denture cleaning tablets) but is formulated gently, specifically for retainers. Unlike denture cleaning tablets, Reatiner Brite will not turn your retainers or aligners yellow. To use Retainer Brite, just fill a cup with warm water, drop in one Retainer Brite tablet, and in about 10 minutes your retainers are clean and odor-free. There is also a portable battery-operated sonic cleaner that you can optionally buy to use with Retainer Brite, which vibrates and helps to loosen debris from your retainer or aligner tray.

Which product is better? It depends on your needs. If your retainer or aligner tray has a lot of white build-up, the SonicBrite powder will do a better job of removing it. This is good option for people who have not properly cleaned their retainers and need to strip away gunky build-up and keep it away. However, if your retainer is already fairly clean, you can use Retainer Brite tablets daily to keep it fresh. They both cost about the same amount of money (around $30 for a supply that lasts several months up to year).  Some people buy both products and use SonicBrite for a deep cleaning and Retainer Brite for everyday use.  Both SonicBrite and Retainer Brite have been endorsed and used by dentists and orthodontists worldwide.

Keeping Your Retainers Safe

“I lost my retainer!” These are dreadful words that you will hopefully never say. It can take 2 to 3 weeks to make a new retainer, and most orthodontists charge anywhere from $100 to $250 or more to make a new set of retainers. This is because most retainers are made by outside labs, so the orthodontist must send the mold of your mouth to the lab to have a new set of custom retainers fabricated. Obviously you want to keep your retainers safe and accounted for at all times. The best way to do this is with a good retainer case. Your orthodontist will probably give you a retainer case when you get your retainers. But if you want more than one case, or if you want a case of a specific color or size, the DentaKit web store carries a wide selection of all types of retainer cases, both hard and soft.

The most common way that retainers are lost is by wrapping them in napkins. You can’t see the retainer inside the napkin, you forget about it, and soon the napkin gets tossed in the garbage. Unless you want to spend hours digging through the trash, it’s better to put your retainer into a proper case – never use a napkin!

Should you get a hard case or a soft case? That depends on where you keep your retainer. If you are not going to keep your retainer in a place where it will potentially get “smashed,” then you can opt for a soft case. But if you tend to put your retainer in your pocket, or a backpack where it may get buried under heavy books, it’s best to get a hard case to protect your retainer from breakage. Some retainer cases include a hole or a loop for attaching it to a keychain clip or a lanyard, which keeps them easily within reach. Boys and men may want to get a retainer case in a dark color, but keep in mind that bright colors are easier to find at the bottom of a backpack, briefcase, or purse.

Be sure to label your retainer case so that it will get returned to you if it gets lost. If your retainer case doesn’t come with an ID sticker, use an address label or write your name and phone number inside the retainer case in permanent marker.

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Creating an ‘outdoor living room’ in the garden or on the patio is increasing in popularity. And it’s easy to see why. They are the perfect place to relax or entertain. No wonder pergola kits are in such demand. But there is a problem. And that is the cost. A pergola kit is expensive. Some are very expensive. But there is a solution.

If you want to build a pergola and save lots of dollars then follow these tips.

Decide on the size of pergola you want bearing in mind the size of your garden and how you will use the pergola. For instance. if you want to use it for entertaining think about the number of people, chairs, barbecue equipment etc. it will have to hold. You don’t want to build a pergola only to find out later it’s too small for what you want to use it for.

Don’t buy a pergola kit. Instead by a pergola plan in the size you need. It will come with a list of materials needed for construction.

Next, visit some hardware stores and cost out the materials. Treated pine will be the cheapest wood but treated cedar will last for decades so it may be the better long term investment.

For the actual building of your pergola you have two options:

build it yourself. The DIY pergola erection can be completed in a weekend; or
hire a local handyman to build it using the materials and instructions you will supply.

Either way you will certainly save hundreds of dollars. You’ve added value to your home and got yourself a great spot to relax and entertain. Talk about win-win!

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When you build with bricks you’re creating something that can be appreciated for generations. It’s not uncommon to find structures in complete ruin except for the masonry such as a brick chimney or wall.

The reasons for do-it-yourself bricklaying vary, but the primary reason seems to be cost. Others include learning a valuable skill for starting a new business, or simply learning a new hobby. Planning a bricklaying project begins with gathering ideas and envisioning the end result. Don’t overlook this step. Masonry is permanent so be cautious and remember you need to do it right – the results of your efforts will be on public display for a long, long time.

As you begin your planning it’s important to consider size and scale, location, material selection, drainage and appearance. Make deatiled drawings of the planned project so to eliminate design flaws and aid in estimating building costs.

Visit your local home improvement center or hardware store and collect samples of the material you have in mind and evaluate the way they blend with your existing landscaping. Depending on whether you plan on pouring a small slab or building a brick archway, estimate the dimensions of your project as accurately as possible. This eliminates extra shopping trips. Since your using brick the local brickyard is where you’ll find the best supply of bricklayers material. They also carry the tools you are going to need.

Speaking of the tools, and to work effectively you are going to have to buy or rent some special purpose tools. I suggest that if this is a one-time project then by all means rent the tools. What follows is a suggested list of tools for doing brickwork:

Mortar hawk – for holding mortar

Wide pointing tool – for placing mortar on brick

Jointer – for finishing joints

Brick tongs – for carrying multiple bricks

Narrow tuck pointer – for placing mortar on bricks

Mason’s trowel – for applying mortar

Masonry chisels – for splitting brick

Mason’s hammers – for chipping brick

Maul – for driving stakes

Joint chisel – for removing dry mortar

Shop broom – for keeping the work area clean

Bucket and scrub brush

Stiff bristle brush – for removing loose material

Rubber mallet

Pipe clamp – for scoring large quantities of brick

Circular saw (with a masinry blade) – for cutting brick

Hammer drill with masonry bit

Wheelbarrow – for mixing mortar

Shovel

Cement – for mixing mortar

Particle mask, gloves and protective eyewear

A helpful hint is to build your project, if possible without using mortar. This allows you to see the finished project, make corrections along the way and decide if the end result is really what you wanted.

The last thing I’ll cover is choosing, mixing and throwing the right mortar. Masonry mortar is a mixture of Portland cement, sand and water. Other ingredients include lime and gypsum to improve workability and control setup time. Believe it or not the strongest mortar mixture isn’t always the best for the job. Gone thankfully are the days when do-it-yourselfers had to mix mortar fom scratch, often with disasterous results. These days mortar comes premixed in 50 – 100 lb bags. Today you simply select the correct mix for the job at hand.

Type N mortar is often called for because it offers a good blend of strength and durability. It’s commonly used in non-load-bearing projects such as freestanding walls, BBQ grills and chimneys.

Type S mortar is a high strength mixture for exterior use in foundations, brick and block reatining walls, driveways, walks and patios,

Type M mortar is a very high strength mortar for load-bearing exterior stone walls.

There are other types mixes for special purpose but fo the sake of simplicity I left them out o this article.

Mixing mortar is simple these days. I dump one to two bags of mix into a large wheelbarrow, push it to one side and slowly add water until I get the right texture I want. If it’s too thick , it will fall off the trowel in a heap and not in the smooth line you want. Add to much water and it’s messy and weak. Just follow the manufacturers directions and you should be fine. If you’ve never mixed mortar before experiment in small batches until you find the mixture that works. Keep note of your mixture ratios to use later.

Don’t mix mortar in large batches unless you are willing to use it all in one application. More than one do-it-yourslf bricklayer has ended up with a wheelbarrow filled with 200 lbs of dried mortar for this reason. It’s best to mix mortar as needed. You can’t foresee delays such as bad weather, running out of daylight or worse yet injuring yourself.

Watching a professional bricklayer at work is an impressive sight. I remember as a small child living with my grandparents and watching their new home being built. The mortar practically flew off the workers trowels and the walls seemed to rise out of the ground in minutes. “Mortar throwing” is an acquired skill that takes years to master, but you can use the basic techniques successfully with just a little practice.

Throwing mortar is a quick, smooth technique. Load the trowel with mortar (how much depends on you comfort level), then position the trowel a few inches above the starting point. In one motion, begin turning your wrist over and quickly move the trowel across the surface to spread mortar consistently. Ideally you want ot end up with a line of mortar about 2 1/2 ” wide and about 2 ‘ long.

These are the very basics. There are numerous books and how-to videos on countless masonry projects. Just remember to plan accordingly, take your time and above all … be safe.

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Hip Fracture Basics: Types and Causes of Broken Hips

Hip fractures are serious injuries that often require surgery to repair. Every year in the United States alone over 300,000 people suffer broken hips and require hospitalization. Of that number, over half of those people suffering a hip fracture are over the age of 80.

Bone density, age, and other medical conditions can all contribute to the likelihood of a broken hip, but generally a fracture occurs because of some sort of trauma to the area, like a fall. Most hip fractures in the elderly are caused by falls, while in younger patients – car accidents and other high impact injuries are the most likely causes.

Elderly women and other patients with osteoporosis are at a greater risk of suffering a broken hip in the event of a fall. Because osteoporosis weakens the skeletal system by causing loss of bone mass – bones and joints are at a greater risk of fracturing in the event of trauma.

Hip fractures are actually the breaking of the femur (the bone that extends from the pelvis to the knee) inside or near the hip joint. Hip fractures are generally placed into 2 main classifications – a Femoral Neck Fracture or an Intertrochanteric Fracture. Both of these types of fractures are very serious and in most cases will necessitate surgery to repair the fractures.

Femoral Neck Fracture

The femoral neck is just below the head (top) of the femur. A femoral neck fracture generally occurs within 1 to 2 inches from the end of the femur.

Intertrochanteric Fracture

This fracture occurs within 3 to 4 inches of the head of the femur and usually requires the use of a metal plate and screw to hold the bone in place while it heals – allowing the head of the femur to continue moving normally in the hip socket.

Though hip fractures are generally caused by a serious trauma – a fall or a high impact injury – other factors can contribute to the risk of sustaining a broken hip.

Age

Statistics show that age is a large factor. The majority of hip related injuries and fractures occur in people over 80. There are two main reasons why this may be true: bone density loss and the presence of other medical conditions affecting balance and mobility. But also effecting elderly patients are general aging issues like loss of vision and a decreasing or weakening sense of balance.

Medical Conditions

Osteoporosis puts patients at an even higher risk for breaking a hip simply because it reduces bone density. There are a number of other medical conditions that will also lead up to and increase chances of developing osteoporosis which in turn can lead to increased risks for hip fractures.

The development of other diseases and conditions like Parkinson’s disease which effect a person’s mobility and balance can contribute to an increased risk of falling and breaking a hip as well. Diabetes, arthritis, and similar diseases can also effect a person’s activity levels which in turn increases risk.

Physical Inactivity

Because physical inactivity can lead to the weakening of bones, tendons, and muscles – it can also contribute to a higher risk of fracturing critical bones and joints. Physical inactivity can in turn lead to other conditions such as obesity and weight gain which can put a larger strain on a weakening bone structure. Maintaining a regular physical activity schedule will often reduce a patient’s risk of hip fracture.

Mortality Rates and Common Problems Associated with Hip Fractures

Hip fractures are serious injuries that require immediate medical attention because there are a number of problems and conditions that can arise because of the broken bone. Studies have shown that mortality rates following a hip fracture can be rather high for a number of reasons which include the development of other serious medical conditions (blood clots and infections) as well as the age of the patient at the time of the injury (since the majority of fractures occurs among seniors).

A study published in the British Medical Journal places mortality rates within one year of suffering a fractured hip at 20%. And this number only increases with the age of the patient – as many as 33% of patients over the age of 80 die within a year of breaking a hip. The 30 day mark following surgery for a fractured hip is high in this population also – coming in at about 10%.

A number of factors contribute to these high numbers. Post-operative complications like infections (i.e. pneumonia or bronchitis) are dangerous factors. The general health of the patients involved in the study also contributes to the high mortality rates. Because as we talked about, a number of other conditions can increase a patients risk of breaking a hip. These same conditions (obesity, diabetes, osteoporosis, Parkinson’s, and others) can also make recovery more difficult.

Mobility factors increase risk as well. Because a broken hip makes it even more difficult for patients to get proper exercise, the overall deterioration of the body due to inactivity can bring about other health problems or exasperate existing conditions like heart disease. For patients that are bedridden following surgery, pressure sores and infections become an increased risk.

Overall, the general health of a patient prior to the sustained injury and following surgery is going to play highly in determining the likelihood of the patient’s complete recovery. This is why younger patients tend to recover more completely and quickly as they are less likely to have preexisting medical conditions that are going to be worsened by the injury.

Mortality rates and other complications decrease significantly in patients that work hard at maintaining an active and healthy lifestyle regardless of age. Often for these folks – a broken hip is a temporary setback, though it is still a serious injury. Recovery though will often be a lot simpler if the patient has maintained general good health prior to fracturing their hip.

How Hip Fractures are Treated

In most cases, a hip fracture is going to require surgery. In cases where surgery is not possible because of an illness or other factor – traction may be used. In those cases without surgery – the main treatment for a broken hip relies mainly on pain reduction.

Both types of hip fractures – the femoral neck fracture and the intertrochanteric fracture – require surgery. The exact procedure is slightly different for each type.

Intertrochanteric Fracture Surgery

When the break is lower on the femur as in an intertrochanteric fracture (occurring 3 to 4 inches from the head of the femur) a different procedure is generally used. Doctors will attach a metal plate to the side of the femur and insert a metal hip compression screw into the femur. This compression screw and plate allows the bone fragments to compress together and mend themselves.

Femoral Neck Fracture Surgery

With a femoral neck fracture, surgery will generally involve one of three types of procedures: metal screws, replacing part of the femur, or total hip replacement.

Using metal screws, the surgeon will align the bones and fix them in place with three long metal screws which will remain in place and not be removed. These screws serve to allow the bones to mend back together as well as strengthen that section of the femur.

If the doctors are unable to align the bones in a way that will allow them to heal properly, they will usually attempt a procedure known as a hemiarthroplasty. This involves removing and replacing the damaged head and neck of the femur with a metal prosthesis.

Total hip replacement is the most invasive of the three options. If for some reason, the socket joint in the hip is damaged – total hip replacement might be the best option. In this procedure, the surgeons will not only replace the top portion of the femur, but also the joint section of the pelvic bone. One of the benefits of total hip replacement is that it allows patients to become mobile again sooner after the surgery than other options. This can help to prevent other complications associated with major surgery from developing.

Hospital stays after surgery for a hip fracture can vary in length – although the average stay in the hospital generally lasts a week. The majority of patients will require physical therapy for a long period following the surgery to recover completely. Older and less mobile patients may even have to look to a long term care facility if they don’t have available help or care at home.

Help With Recovery and Prevention of Hip Fractures

Exercise and physical activity is a key in helping with both recovery from a hip fracture and prevention of those fractures. Because mobility is limited following surgery for hip fractures, the use of a rolling walker is often a good idea for elderly patients as it will help them get the exercise to speed up healing and also help to prevent another fall from aggravating the injury further.

Everyday tasks will probably become a little more difficult for a patient recovering from hip fracture surgery. Things like bending over to tie shoes or getting dressed in the morning will require a little bit of extra effort. Lifting the affected leg into bed or onto the couch will also become more difficult at times during the recovery. There are quite a few products like extended shoe horns and leg lifters which can ease the pain and difficulty of recovery.

Often times, simple tasks that are taken for granted become more complicated. Bathing for example is an everyday thing that becomes tough following hip surgery. A sponge on an extended handle or a bath bench become tools which can really help.

To make recovery easier, the purchase of a “hip kit” is a small investment for quite a bit of help. Common items that you’ll find in a hip kit include:

Long Handled Sponges
Long Handled Shoe Horn
A Dressing Stick
Extendable Reachers or Grabbers
Leg Lifters

Mobility and physical therapy are both important factors in helping to speed up recovery. Full use of the hip will take some time, but in patients that were healthy prior to the surgery, a full recovery is possible and likely.

Exercise is a major factor in recovery as well as the prevention of other complications arising because of the surgery. Any help that a patient can enlist – either from family or qualified medical practitioners is going to aid them in recovery.

Prevention Tips

Learning how to prevent falls is another factor that is going to seriously limit the likelihood of breaking a hip.

* Building railings or ramps to help with stairs around the home is a good idea.

* Installing rails next to the toilet and in the bathtub or shower is another preventative measure. They’re also great ideas to help somebody who is trying to recover from hip surgery since their mobility will be more limited for a time.

* Rearranging furniture to allow for clear paths.

* Check rugs and carpets for slippage or places somebody could trip.

* Consider the use of a hip protector – a low profile pad that you wear beneath your clothing and over your hip to help absorb any impact from a fall.

* Keep cords stowed safely away.

* Place used items in easy to reach places – avoid step stools and ladders where balance might be lost.

* Make sure areas of the home and yard are well lit. Being able to see a hazard is half the battle.

* Wear practical shoes that are non-slip.

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can also decrease your risk of breaking a hip. Not only exercise, but proper nutrition is important.

* Weight Bearing Exercise – Helps to fight bone density loss and works to maintain the strength of tendons and muscles that support the joints. Not only that, but regularly walking or exercising will help to maintain your sense of balance and agility – making the likelihood of a fall less likely.

* Smoking – Believe it or not, smoking actually works to reduce your bone density. So not only can it cause cancer – but it can weaken your bones.

* Calcium and Vitamin D – Proper nutrition and watching levels of calcium in your diet (through foods or supplements) will work to maintain your bone density so that in the event of a fall, you are less likely to fracture your hip. Vitamin D is also a key component of this process as it helps your body absorb and process calcium.

Other Hip Fracture Resources

There are a ton of available resources on the web these days that can help you in the prevention of or recovery from a hip fracture. The following is a listing and review of some great web sites and articles if you would like more information on hip fracture prevention, treatment, and recovery.

The Mayo Clinic

The Mayo Clinic is a highly respected non-profit organization and clinic that maintains clinics in Minnesota, Arizona, and Florida. They also have a very informative web site that is a great resource for countless medical conditions. The section of the web site on hip fractures is very in depth and organized in a way that you can find information very easily on prevention of hip fractures or help with recovery from hip surgery.

Care.com

Care.com is an interesting web site in that it deals with the care of patients following surgeries like total hip replacement. On this web site you’ll find questions and tips related to helping patients or parents who are going through a difficult hip surgery recovery.

Advice on how to deal with the medical condition is provided, as well as advice on how to help the patient mentally get through the recovery is discussed.

This web site also provides access to a network of caregivers and service providers in your area if you need additional help with recovering from hip surgery. You can find providers for any level of help that might be needed, from full time care to part time help with housework and chores. The great thing about this service is that you can post your needs and interview potential caregivers as well as look at a background check.

EveryDayHealth.com

Maintaining an active and healthy lifestyle are the best preventative measures that you can take towards avoiding a hip fracture. Working as an online community and resource, EveryDayHealth.com is a great resource and web site to use to maintain that active and healthy lifestyle.

Nutrition information and tools like their ‘meal planner’ and ‘weight tracker’ are great ways to make sure you are doing everything you can to stay healthy. Participating in the community forums is also a great way to meet other people facing the same issues or working towards the same goals.

Hip fractures are a common injury, especially among the elderly – so reaching out to a community like EveryDayHealth will give you the opportunity to find understanding support of what it is you might be going through following hip surgery.

Finding the proper support, medical care, and tools to aid in the recovery from hip fracture surgery is a key component to reducing the difficulty and likelihood of complications from a broken hip. Whether you have experienced a hip fracture or are just interested in the prevention of a future injury – there’s a myriad of online resources available to help you in that quest.

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Liability in simple terms is something which owe to some one. In business terms this means the same as well. Liabilities have different types and they are categorized in different sections within the balance sheet. Liabilities can be any of the following three types.

1. Current Liabilities

2. Long Term Liabilities

3. Contingent Liabilities

1. Current Liabilities

Current liabilities are those ones which are to be paid by the organization in one accounting period. Usually an accounting period is defined as that period in which a company has to complete its operating cycle. Though the accounting cycle varies from one industry to other, it usually is one year. This uniformity has been kept to make comparison amongst the companies as well as the industries easier. Though the company has to pay these liabilities in one accounting period, this does not diminish their importance. Current liabilities reflect on how a company can affectively manage its working capital and also it’s operating cycle. Companies have to be good at managing their current liabilities otherwise they can neither achieve efficiency nor able to survive and compete the industry in a longer period of time. Current liabilities can become trickier to understand if the companies have long term liabilities with interest. The portion of long term liability payable in a particular accounting period becomes current portion of the long term liability or in simple terms gets included in current liabilities for that period.

2. Long Term Liabilities

Long term liabilities are those liabilities which a company has to pay back after one accounting period i.e., one year. Long term liabilities can also be of many types. Mainly long term liabilities are interest bearing. Company has to payback the installments agreed upon with each creditor. In few cases, the directors of the company do finance the company’s projects on withdrawal basis. Under this scheme the directors are agreed with that their money would be returned back to them in a specified per installment manner. Taking long term liabilities is more risky then having short term liabilities. The paying back ability of the company seriously hangs on economy’s performance. If the economy is unable to do well, it is very difficult for the company to get the money back and pay to its lenders. A reasonable future projection should always be kept in mind and alternate sources of raising funds should always be kept in mind before making such a decision.

3. Contingent Liabilities

These liabilities usually arise out of a mishandled or uncontrollable situation. For example, a company gave warranty of a product, but the warranty had confusion with a certain clause. The customers came back with a problem in the product but the company started blaming the customers for the problem. The customers went to the court and asked for refund. Unless the court decides the fate of these products and the resulting pay back to the customer, it is uncertain that the company will have to reimburse the amounts to its customers. This is also a liability but the company is not sure. This is known as contingent liability, as to pay back or not depends or is contingent on the court’s decision.

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